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1 crown's case
Юридический термин: версия государственного обвинения -
2 crown's case
англ. версия государственного обвинения -
3 case
1) случай; положение3) казус; судебное решение по делу; судебный прецедент; судебное дело5) фактические обстоятельства; изложение фактических обстоятельств; версия6) доводы; аргументация по делу; изложение требований; меморандум по делу; обвинение ( в суде)7) деликтный "иск по конкретным обстоятельствам дела" ( о взыскании убытков при невозможности предъявления других типов исков)•case against — доводы против (кого-л., чего-л.);
case as authority — судебное дело как источник права;
case at bar — дело на стадии судебного разбирательства;
case at hand — дело, находящееся в производстве;
case at law — судебное дело; предмет судебного разбирательства;
case cleared by arrest — амер. полиц. преступление, раскрытое в меру доказательств, достаточных для производства ареста;
case for — 1. аргументация в пользу кого-л., чего-л. 2. дело, выигранное кем-л. ;
case for enforcement — случай или версия, обосновывающие правоприменение;
case for motion — обоснование заявленного в суде ходатайства;
case for the crown — англ. версия государственного обвинения;
case for the defence — 1. версия защиты 2. дело, выигранное защитой;
case for the jury — дело, подлежащее рассмотрению присяжными;
case for the prosecution — 1. версия обвинения 2. дело, выигранное обвинением;
case for trial — дело, подлежащее судебному рассмотрению;
case going to trial — дело, направляемое для судебного рассмотрения;
case made — 1. согласованное сторонами изложение фактов по спорному правовому вопросу 2. запись судопроизводства;
case mortality — "смертность" судебных дел (количество судебных дел, проигранных истцами или обвинителями);
case on appeal — 1. англ. изложение дела стороной по апелляции 2. записка по делу, представляемая в апелляционный суд адвокатом истца по апелляции 3. документ с постановкой правового вопроса нижестоящим судом перед вышестоящим судом 4. дело, находящееся в апелляционном производстве ( поступившее или рассматриваемое по апелляционной жалобе);
case on trial — дело на стадии судебного рассмотрения;
case pending — дело на стадии рассмотрения; незаконченный процесс;
case received for investigation — дело, поступившее на расследование;
reference to a case — отсылка к делу;
case reserved — особые правовые вопросы ( передаваемые по соглашению или арбитражем на разрешение суда);
case sounding in contract — дело по спору из договора;
case sounding in tort — дело, связанное с причинением деликтного вреда;
case stated — письменное соглашение между истцом и ответчиком о фактах, лежащих в основе спора ( позволяющее суду ограничиться применением закона);
case sufficient for prosecution — версия, подкреплённая доказательствами, достаточными для возбуждения уголовного преследования;
case tried by the court — дело, рассмотренное судом без присяжных;
to appear in the case — выступать по делу;
to arrange a case — согласовать позиции по делу;
to bring a case — 1. представить дело в суд, суду 2. возбудить иск, обвинение, судебное дело 3. представить версию по делу 4. представить доводы, доказательства по делу;
to call (on) a case — назначить дело к слушанию;
to carry a case — проводить судебное дело, судебный процесс;
to close a case — прекратить дело; отказаться от иска, от обвинения;
to commence a case — возбудить иск, обвинение, судебное дело;
to develop a case — 1. подготовить дело 2. возбудить иск, обвинение, судебное дело;
to develop a case sufficient for prosecution — подготовить дело для возбуждения по нему уголовного преследования;
to dismiss a case — прекратить дело;
to disprove the case — 1. опровергнуть версию 2. опровергнуть доказательства 3. опровергнуть обвинение;
to drop a case — отказаться от иска, от обвинения;
to enter a case — 1. войти в дело 2. предъявить иск, обвинение;
to establish the case — доказать версию по делу;
to file a case — подать иск;
to follow the case — следовать прецеденту;
to handle a case — см. to conduct a case;
to initiate a case — возбудить иск, обвинение, судебное дело;
to lose a case — проиграть дело;
to make out the case — доказать версию по делу; выиграть дело;
case to move for new trial — заявление о новом рассмотрении дела;
to open case to the jury — представить фактические обстоятельства дела присяжным;
to prejudice a case — 1. относиться к делу с предубеждением 2. повлиять на судьбу дела ранее вынесенным по нему административным решением;
to prepare a case for trial — подготовить дело к слушанию в суде;
to present no case — не представить доказательств по делу;
to press the case — оказывать давление на суд, рассматривающий дело;
to process a case — вести дело; вести судебный процесс;
to prove a case — доказать версию по делу;
to prove one's case — доказать собственную версию;
to reach a case — выиграть дело;
to read a case — вести дело в суде;
case to remain open — дело, не закончившееся решением;
to rest the case — закончить изложение выдвинутой версии;
to review the case — пересмотреть дело;
to sanction a case — назначить дело к слушанию;
to solve a case — решить дело; раскрыть преступление ( о полиции);
to watch a case — наблюдать за ходом дела в суде;
to win a case — выиграть дело;
case tried by the court — дело, рассмотренное судом без присяжных;
case under investigation — расследуемое дело;
under the cases — в соответствии с судебной практикой;
- case in chargecase within the statute — случай, предусмотренный статутным правом
- case in equity
- case in fact
- case in law
- case in point
- conduct a case
- case of admiralty
- case of circumstantial evidence
- case of direct evidence
- case of emergency
- case of maritime jurisdiction
- case of the first impression
- administrative case
- admiralty case
- adult case
- advancement case
- agreed case
- analogous case
- anonymous case
- antitrust case
- appeals cases
- assault-homicide case
- bad case
- capital case
- Chancery cases
- circumstantial case
- cited case
- civil case
- civil-commitment case
- cleared case
- cognizable case
- common-law case
- common-law case of crime
- Commonwealth case
- Commonwealth's case
- consolidated cases
- contentious case
- court case
- Court of Appeal cases
- criminal case
- criminal-commitment case
- criminal constitutional case
- Crown case
- crown cases reserved
- crown's case
- defence case
- direct case
- disciplinary case
- discretion case
- dismissed case
- diverse citizenship case
- diversion case
- diversity case
- diversity jurisdiction case
- due process case
- earlier case
- early case
- equity case
- ex parte case
- ex parte patent case
- federal case
- former case
- good case
- government case
- government's case
- hard case
- illustrative case
- instant case
- jury case
- juvenile case
- landmark case
- later case
- law case
- leading case
- legal case
- litigated case
- litigation case
- major case
- major criminal case
- maritime case
- massive case
- mental case
- minor case
- minor criminal case
- moot case
- multi-defendant case
- non-capital case
- non-contentious case
- nondiversity jurisdiction case
- non-jury case
- nullity case
- parent case
- party's case
- pending case
- People case
- People's case
- petty case
- police complaint cases
- political case
- precedent case
- presumptive case of an offence
- previous case
- prima facie case
- prior case
- Probate case
- prosecuted case
- prosecution case
- release case
- remand case
- reopened case
- reported case
- restrictive covenant case
- routine case
- ruled case
- sales-of-goods case
- seminal case
- sentencing case
- similar case
- small claim case
- solved case
- special case
- state case
- stated case
- state's case
- statutory case
- statutory case of crime
- strong case for/against
- tax case
- test case
- thin case
- tie-in case
- trial case
- trumped-up case
- unanswerable case
- uncontested case
- unreported case
- unsolved case
- weak case for/against
- undefended case -
4 case
case [keɪs]1. nouna. ( = fact, example) cas m• is it the case that...? est-il vrai que... ?• I'm in charge here, in case you've forgotten! (inf) c'est moi qui commande ici, au cas où vous l'auriez oublié !• there is a strong case for compulsory vaccination les partisans de la vaccination obligatoire ont de solides arguments• to have a good/strong case avoir de bons/solides argumentsd. (British = suitcase) valise f ; ( = box) (for bottles) caisse f ; (for goods on display) vitrine f ; (for jewels) coffret m ; (for camera, binoculars) étui m• violin/umbrella case étui m à violon/parapluie2. compounds* * *I 1. [keɪs]1) (instance, example) cas min which case —
in that case — en ce cas, dans ce cas-là
in such ou these cases — dans un cas pareil
in 7 out of 10 cases — 7 fois sur 10, dans 7 cas sur 10
a case in point — un cas d'espèce, un exemple typique
2) (state of affairs, situation) cas msuch ou this being the case — en ce cas, dans ce cas-là
is it the case that...? — est-il vrai que...?
as ou whatever the case may be — selon le(s) cas
should this be the case ou if this is the case — si c'est le cas
3) Lawthe case for the State — US l'accusation f
the case is closed — Law, fig l'affaire or la cause est entendue
4) ( convincing argument) arguments mplthere's a strong case for/against doing — il y a de bonnes raisons pour/pour ne pas faire
5) ( trial) affaire f, procès mdivorce/murder case — procès en divorce/pour meurtre
famous cases — causes fpl célèbres
6) ( criminal investigation)to work ou be on a case — enquêter sur une affaire
8) ( client) cas m9) (colloq) ( person)a hard case — un dur; head case
10) Linguistics cas m2. 3.in case conjunctional phrase au cas où (+ conditional)4.in case of prepositional phrase en cas deII 1. [keɪs]1) ( suitcase) valise f2) (crate, chest) caisse f3) ( display cabinet) vitrine f4) (for spectacles, binoculars, cartridge, weapon) étui m; ( for jewels) écrin m; (of camera, watch) boîtier m; (of piano, clock) caisse f2.(colloq) transitive verb ( reconnoitre) -
5 crown case
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6 case
I.A n1 (instance, example) cas m ; in several cases dans plusieurs cas ; a case of mistaken identity un cas d'erreur sur la personne ; on a case by case basis au cas par cas ; in which case, in that case en ce cas, dans ce cas-là ; in such ou these cases dans un cas pareil ; in 7 out of 10 cases 7 fois sur 10, dans 7 cas sur 10 ; a case in point un cas d'espèce, un exemple typique ; it was a case of making a quick decision il s'agissait de prendre une décision rapide ; it's a case of substituting X for Y il s'agit de substituer X à Y ; it's simply a case of waiting il n'y a plus qu'à attendre ;2 (state of affairs, situation) cas m ; that's not the case here ce n'est pas le cas ici ; such ou this being the case en ce cas, dans ce cas-là ; is it the case that…? est-il vrai que…? ; as ou whatever the case may be selon le(s) cas ; should this be the case ou if this is the case, contact your doctor si c'est le cas, consultez votre médecin ; in no case will customers be refunded en aucun cas les clients ne pourront être remboursés ;3 ( legal arguments) the case for the Crown GB, the case for the State US l'accusation f ; the case for the defence la défense ; to state the case exposer les faits ; to put the case for the prosecution représenter le ministère public ; to put the case for the defence assurer la défense du prévenu ; the case against Foster les faits qui sont reprochés à Foster ; there is a case to answer il y a assez de preuves ; the case is closed Jur, fig l'affaire or la cause est entendue ; ⇒ rest ;4 ( convincing argument) arguments mpl ; to put the case for sth trouver des arguments en faveur de qch ; to make a good case for sth donner des arguments convaincants en faveur de qch ; to argue the case for privatization donner des arguments en faveur de la privatisation ; there's a strong case against it il y a beaucoup d'arguments contre cela ; there's a strong case for/against doing il y a de bonnes raisons pour/pour ne pas faire ;5 ( trial) affaire f, procès m ; criminal/civil case affaire criminelle/civile ; divorce case procès en divorce ; murder case procès pour meurtre ; to win one's case gagner son procès, avoir gain de cause ; to lose/plead a case plaider/perdre une cause ; the case before the court l'affaire en jugement ; his case comes up next week il passe en jugement la semaine prochaine ; to decide a case rendre un jugement ; famous cases causes fpl célèbres ;6 ( criminal investigation) the Burgess case l'affaire Burgess ; to work ou be on a case enquêter sur une affaire ; a murder/blackmail case une affaire de meurtre/de chantage ; the cases of Sherlock Holmes les enquêtes de Sherlock Holmes ;7 Med ( instance of disease) cas m ; ( patient) malade mf ; 30 cases of chickenpox 30 cas de varicelle ; he's a psychiatric case c'est un malade mental ;8 Soc Admin ( client) cas m ; to deal with a lot of difficult cases avoir affaire à des cas difficiles ; a problem case un cas à problème ;9 ○ ( person) he's a real case! c'est vraiment un cas! ; a hopeless case un cas désespéré ; a hard case un dur ; ⇒ head case ;B in any case adv phr (besides, anyway) de toute façon ; ( at any rate) en tout cas ; and in any case, I've no intention of staying et de toute façon, je n'ai pas l'intention de rester ; the effect of the recession, or in any case of high inflation, is that… l'effet de la récession, ou en tout cas de la forte inflation, est que…C in case conj phr au cas où (+ conditional) ; in case it rains au cas où il pleuvrait ; take the street map just in case prends le plan au cas où ; your report, in case you've forgotten, was due yesterday votre rapport, au cas où vous l'auriez oublié, était pour hier.get off my case ○ ! fiche-moi la paix ○ !II.A n1 ( suitcase) valise f ;4 ( protective container) (for spectacles, binoculars, cartridge, weapon) étui m ; ( for jewels) écrin m ; (of camera, watch) boîtier m ; (of piano, clock) caisse f ;6 ( bookcover) couverture f. -
7 Crown case
Юридический термин: государственное обвинение, уголовное дело -
8 case for the crown
Юридический термин: версия государственного обвинения -
9 Crown case
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10 royal prerogative
пол., юр., брит. королевская прерогатива ( исключительное право королевской власти)royal prerogative to appoint the members of the government — королевская прерогатива назначать членов правительства
royal prerogative to appoint the Prime Minister — королевская прерогатива назначать премьер-министра
royal prerogative to grant or refuse the Royal Assent — королевская прерогатива дать королевскую санкцию или отказать в ней
Syn:See:Case of Proclamations, Attorney-General v De Keyser's Royal Hotel, order in council, royal proclamation, Coke's King's Bench Reports, Office of the Civil Service Commissioners, constitutional convention, royal prerogative, royal prerogative to appoint the Prime Minister, royal prerogative to appoint the members of the government, royal assent, royal prerogative to summon Parliament, royal prerogative to dissolve Parliament, Crown Proceedings Act 1947, monarch, prime minister, constitutional convention, Act of Settlement 1700 -
11 evidence
1) средство или средства доказывания; доказательство, доказательства; подтверждение; улика | служить доказательством, подтверждать, доказывать2) свидетельское показание, свидетельские показания | свидетельствовать, давать показания3) дача показаний, представление или исследование доказательств ( как стадия судебного процесса); доказывание4) свидетель•admissible in evidence — допустимый в качестве доказательства;
evidence admissible in chief — доказательства или показания, допустимые при главном допросе;
evidence aliunde — внешнее доказательство, лежащее вне документа доказательство;
evidence at law — судебные доказательства;
evidence before trial — показания, данные или доказательства, представленные до начала судебного процесса;
evidence by affidavit — показания в форме аффидевита;
failure to give evidence — непредставление доказательств; невозможность дать показания; отказ от дачи показаний;
evidence for the defence — 1. доказательства защиты 2. показания свидетелей защиты;
evidence for the defendant — доказательства в пользу ответчика, подсудимого;
evidence for the plaintiff — доказательства в пользу истца;
evidence for the prosecution — 1. доказательства обвинения, улики 2. показания свидетелей обвинения;
evidence implicating the accused — доказательства, дающие основание полагать, что преступление совершено обвиняемым;
in evidence — в доказательство, в качестве доказательства;
evidence in corroboration — доказательство в подтверждение других доказательств;
evidence in cross-examination — свидетельские показания или доказательства, полученные при перекрёстном допросе ( стороной свидетеля противной стороны);
evidence in disproof — показания или доказательства в опровержение;
evidence in question — 1. оспариваемое доказательство 2. исследуемое и оцениваемое доказательство;
evidence in rebuttal — доказательство или показание в опровержение;
evidence in support of the opposition — пат. обоснование протеста, мотивированный протест;
evidence in the case — доказательства или показания по делу;
evidence is out — доказательства исчерпаны;
item in evidence — предмет, представленный в качестве доказательства;
evidence material to the case — доказательство, имеющее существенное значение для дела;
evidence on appeal — показания, доказательства по апелляции;
evidence on commission — показания по поручению;
evidence on hearing — доказательство на рассмотрении суда;
evidence on oath — показания под присягой;
on the evidence — на основании данных показаний или представленных доказательств;
evidence par excellence — лучшее доказательство;
piece of evidence — часть доказательственного материала; отдельное доказательство;
evidence relevant to credibility — доказательство, относящиеся к надёжности свидетеля, достоверности его показаний;
evidence relevant to weight — доказательства, относящиеся к убедительности других доказательств;
evidence sufficient to sustain the case — доказательства, достаточные для поддержания ( данной) версии;
to adduce evidence — представить доказательство;
to admit evidence — допустить доказательство;
to admit in evidence — допустить в качестве доказательства;
to appear in evidence — вытекать из представленных доказательств;
to become Commonwealth's [Crown's, government's, King's, People's, Queen's, State's] evidence — стать свидетелем обвинения, перейти на сторону обвинения, дав показания против сообвиняемого;
to call (for) evidence — истребовать доказательства;
to compare evidence — 1. сопоставить доказательства, показания 2. произвести очную ставку;
evidence to contradict — контрдоказательство; контрпоказание;
to develop evidence — представить доказательства;
to exaggerate evidence — преувеличить силу доказательства;
to fabricate evidence — сфабриковать доказательства;
to give evidence — 1. давать показания 2. представить доказательства;
to give in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;
to give evidence under compulsion — давать показания по принуждению;
to introduce evidence — представить доказательства;
to introduce in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;
to lead evidence — 1. заслушивать, отбирать показания 2. принимать доказательства;
evidence to meet — доказательство в поддержку, поддерживающее доказательство;
to offer evidence — представить доказательства;
to offer in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;
to prepare evidence — 1. сфабриковать доказательства 2. подготовиться к даче показаний;
to prepare false evidence — сфабриковать ложные доказательства;
to produce evidence — представить доказательства;
to put in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;
to read into evidence — зачитывать текст в доказательство правильности или неправильности его содержания;
evidence to rebut — доказательство в опровержение, опровергающее доказательство;
to receive evidence — 1. получить, отобрать показания 2. принять доказательства;
to receive in evidence — принять в качестве доказательства;
to review evidence — рассмотреть или пересмотреть доказательства;
to search for evidence — искать доказательства;
to sift evidence — тщательно исследовать, анализировать доказательства или показания;
to suppress evidence — скрыть доказательства;
to take evidence — 1. отобрать показания 2. принять доказательства;
to tender evidence — представить доказательства;
to tender in evidence — представить в качестве доказательства;
evidence to the contrary — доказательство противного;
to weigh evidence — оценить доказательства;
to withhold evidence — воздержаться, отказаться от дачи показаний или от представления доказательств;
- evidence of arrestevidence wrongfully obtained — доказательства, показания, полученные с нарушением закона
- evidence of blood grouping tests
- evidence of character
- evidence of confession
- evidence of credibility
- evidence of crime
- evidence of debt
- evidence of disposition
- evidence of fact
- evidence of guilt
- evidence of identification
- evidence of identity
- evidence of indebtedness
- evidence of opportunity
- evidence of practice
- evidence of reputation
- evidence of title
- acceptable evidence
- actual evidence
- additional evidence
- adduced evidence
- adequate evidence
- adminicular evidence
- admissible evidence
- admitted evidence
- adversary evidence
- affirmative evidence
- affirmative rebuttal evidence
- after-discovered evidence
- ample evidence
- ascertaining evidence
- autoptical evidence
- auxiliary evidence
- available evidence
- ballistics evidence
- ballistic evidence
- best evidence
- better evidence
- biological evidence
- casual evidence
- character evidence
- character-witness evidence
- circumstantial evidence
- civil evidence
- clear evidence
- closed evidence
- cogent evidence
- collateral evidence
- Commonwealth's evidence
- competent evidence
- completing evidence
- conclusive evidence
- concocted evidence
- concomittant evidence
- confirmatory evidence
- conflicting evidence
- consistent evidence
- contradicting evidence
- contrary evidence
- contributing evidence
- controverted evidence
- controvertible evidence
- convincing evidence
- copy evidence
- corroborated evidence
- corroborating evidence
- counteracting evidence
- counter evidence
- credible evidence
- criminal evidence
- criminating evidence
- Crown's evidence
- culpatory evidence
- cumulative evidence
- damaging evidence
- damning evidence
- decisive evidence
- demeanor evidence
- demonstrative evidence
- derivative evidence
- direct evidence
- disproving evidence
- doctored evidence
- documentary evidence
- empirical evidence
- entered evidence
- exact evidence
- excluded evidence
- exculpatory evidence
- expert evidence
- expert opinion evidence
- explaining evidence
- external evidence
- extrajudicial evidence
- extraneous evidence
- extrinsic evidence
- fabricated evidence
- false evidence
- final evidence
- fingerprint evidence
- firm evidence
- first hand evidence
- footprint evidence
- foundation evidence
- fragmentary evidence
- fresh evidence
- further evidence
- government's evidence
- habit evidence
- hard evidence
- hearsay evidence
- higher evidence
- identification evidence
- identifying evidence
- illegally obtained evidence
- illustrative evidence
- immaterial evidence
- immunized evidence
- impeaching evidence
- implicating evidence
- impugned evidence
- inadequate evidence
- inadmissible evidence
- incompetent evidence
- inconclusive evidence
- inconsistent evidence
- incontroverted evidence
- incontrovertible evidence
- incriminating evidence
- inculpatory evidence
- independent evidence
- indicative evidence
- indirect evidence
- indispensable evidence
- indubitable evidence
- inferential evidence
- inferior evidence
- insufficient evidence
- insufficient evidence for the defence
- internal evidence
- introduced evidence
- irrefutable evidence
- irrelevant evidence
- judicial evidence
- King's evidence
- legal evidence
- legally obtained evidence
- legitimate evidence
- manufactured evidence
- material evidence
- mathematical evidence
- moral evidence
- negative evidence
- negative rebuttal evidence
- newly-discovered evidence
- nonexculpatory evidence
- notarial evidence
- obtainable evidence
- obtained evidence
- offered evidence
- official evidence
- opinion evidence
- opinion evidence of character
- opposing evidence
- oral evidence
- original evidence
- out-of-court evidence
- overwhelming evidence
- parol evidence
- partial evidence
- pedigree evidence
- People's evidence
- perjured evidence
- persuasive evidence
- physical evidence
- police evidence
- positive evidence
- possible evidence
- preappointed evidence
- predominant evidence
- preferable evidence
- prejudicial evidence
- presuming evidence
- presumptive evidence
- prevailing evidence
- prima facie evidence
- primary evidence
- probable evidence
- proffered evidence
- proper evidence
- prosecution evidence
- prospectant evidence
- proving evidence
- pure expert opinion evidence
- Queen's evidence
- radar evidence of speed
- radar evidence
- real evidence
- reasonable evidence
- rebuttal evidence
- rebutted evidence
- rebutting evidence
- receivable evidence
- received evidence
- recognized evidence
- recollection evidence
- record evidence
- recorded evidence
- record evidence of title
- related evidence
- relevant evidence
- repelling evidence
- reputation evidence of character
- requisite evidence
- retrospectant evidence
- routine practice evidence
- satisfactory evidence
- scientific evidence
- secondary evidence
- second hand evidence
- shaken evidence
- significant evidence
- similar evidence
- slimmer evidence
- slim evidence
- solid evidence
- spoken evidence
- state's evidence
- strengthening evidence
- strong evidence
- stronger evidence
- strongest available evidence
- substantial evidence
- substantive evidence
- substitutionary evidence
- sufficient evidence
- supplementary evidence
- supporting evidence
- suspect evidence
- sworn evidence
- tainted evidence
- tendered evidence
- testimonial evidence
- trace evidence
- traditionary evidence
- uncontradicted evidence
- uncorroborated evidence
- unfavourable evidence
- unshaken evidence
- unsworn evidence
- untainted evidence
- verbal evidence
- visible evidence
- visual evidence
- vital evidence
- volunteer evidence
- weak evidence
- weaker evidence
- wiretap information evidence
- wiretap evidence
- written evidence
- evidence of criminality
- confirming evidence
- corroborative evidence
- explanatory evidence
- intrinsic evidence
- prime evidence -
12 gear
1) = idle reverse pinion2) шестерня; зубчатая передача; зубчатое колесо; большое зубчатое колесо пары; привод (напр. тяги, рычага); передаточный механизм; приспособление; устройство; механизм (с зубчатыми передачами или без них); инструмент; II приводить в движение механизм; сцепляться- gear box- gear change hand lever - gear change shift fork - gear changing - gear changing by foot - gear clearance - gear guard - gear into - gear lift - gear nobbing machine - gear hub - gear lapping machine - gear lever - gear lever interlock - gear lever lock - gear lock - gear measuring machine - gear milling machine - gear noise - gear oil pump - gear operating shaft - gear parts - gear pinion - gear puller - gear pump - gear quadrant - gear rack - gear range - gear ratio - gear reduction - gear reduction rate - gear reduction unit - gear rim - gear ring - gear scoring - gear set - gear set case - gear shaft - gear shaping - gear shaping machine - gear shaving machine - gear shift - gear shift bar - gear shift bar selector - gear shift gate - gear shift lever - gear shift mechanism - gear shift tower - gear shifter - gear shifter shaft lock - gear shifter shaft lock ball - gear shifter shaft lock plunger - gear shifter shaft lock spring - gear shifting - gear shifting diagram - gear shifting fork - gear shifting gate - gear shifting lever - gear shifting quadrant - gear side movement - gear teeth - gear teeth lapping machine - gear tester - gear testing machine - gear tooth contact - gear tooth depth gauge - gear tooth vernier caliper - gear train - gear up - gear wheel - gear with tooth correction - gear withdrawer - in gear - lock in gear - out of gear - put into gear - throw into gear - throw out of gear- cam gear- cone friction gear - coupling gear - crane travelling gear - cut gear - cycloidal gear - discriminating gear - double wheel gear - draw-off gear - elliptical gear - elliptical gear-wheel - encased gear - encased back gear - face gear - feed gear - friction draft gear - friction draught gear - globoidal worm gear - grip gear - ground gear - hand gear - hand steering gear - helical gear - herring-bone gear - high gear - high-ratio gear - Hindley worm gear - hoisting gear - hour-glass worm gear - hydraulic gear - hyperbolical gear - hyperboloidal gear - hypoid gear - idle gear - idler gear - idler reverse gear - index gear - indicator gear - increase gear - interchangeable gears - interlocking gear - intermediate gear - intermittent gear - internal gear - internal spur gear - involute gear - irreversible gear - knocking gear - knuckle gear - lantern gear - lever barring gear - lifting gear - link gear - lock gear - locking gear - longitudinal feed gear - low gear - lubricating gear - lufting gear - magnetic gear - main gear - mangle gear - master gear - metric gear - mid gear - middle gear - module gear - mitre gear - multiplying gear - mutual interlocking gear - non-circular spur gear - octoid bevel gear - oil gear - oil splash gear - oleo gear - operating gear - oscillating cam gear - parallelogram valve gear - pedal gear - pick-off gear - pin gear - pinion gear - pin-wheel gear - piston valve gear - planet gear - planetary gear - point gear - poppet valve gear - positive valve gear - power gear - propeller gear - pulley gear - quick-change gear - quiet gear - quill gear - rack-and-pinion gear - rack feed gear - ratchet gear - readjusting gear - recording gear - reducing gear - reduction gear - reference gear - reference gear-wheel - release gear - remote-control gear - reverse gear - reversing gear - ring gear - rod gear - rotation gear - running gear - saddle gear - safety gear - safety gripping gear - sanding gear - satellite gear - screw gear - scroll gear - segment gear - segmental gear - selective gear - selector gear - self-changing gear - self-locking gear - self-stopping gear - single-curve gear - skew gear - skew bevel gear - slew gear - slewing gear - sliding gear - slip gear - speed-change gear - speed-increasing gear - spiral gear - spiral bevel gear - split gear - spool gear - sprocket gear - spur gear - starting gear - stop gear - straight bevel gear - striking gear - sun gear - sun-and-planet gear - supplementary gear box - swivel gear - synchronizing gear - tappet gear - three-axle gear - throw-over gear - thrust gear - timing gear - tipping gear - tooth gear - towing gear - trailer gear - transmission gear - traverse gear - traversing gear - trigger gear - trip gear - triple-change gear - triple helical gear - tripping gear - tumbler gear - tumbling gear - turning gear - twisted gear - two-speed gear - uncoupling gear - V-gear - valve gear - variable-speed gear - wedge friction gear - wheel gear - whipping gear - winding gear - worm gear - worm barring gear -
13 court
ko:t
1. noun1) (a place where legal cases are heard: a magistrates' court; the High Court.) juzgado2) (the judges and officials of a legal court: The accused is to appear before the court on Friday.) tribunal3) (a marked-out space for certain games: a tennis-court; a squash court.) pista, cancha4) (the officials, councillors etc of a king or queen: the court of King James.) corte5) (the palace of a king or queen: Hampton Court.) palacio6) (an open space surrounded by houses or by the parts of one house.) patio
2. verb1) (to try to win the love of; to woo.) cortejar, hacer la corte a2) (to try to gain (admiration etc).) buscar3) (to seem to be deliberately risking (disaster etc).) correr, ponerse delante de, buscar•- courtier- courtly
- courtliness
- courtship
- courthouse
- court-martial
- courtyard
court n1. juzgado / tribunal2. pista / cancha3. cortetr[kɔːt]■ silence in court! ¡silencio!2 (royal) corte nombre femenino3 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (tennis, squash, etc) pista, cancha4 (courtyard) patio1 (woman) cortejar, hacer la corte a; (influential person) tratar de ganarse el favor de, tratar de ganarse la aceptación de2 (support, approval, popularity) tratar de ganarse, buscar; (favour, publicity) buscar3 (failure, disaster, death, danger) exponerse a, buscarse1 tener novio, tener novia■ are you courting yet? ¿ya tienes novio,-a?\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto go to court acudir a los tribunalesto hold court (entertain admirers) estar rodeado,-a de admiradoresto settle out of court llegar a un acuerdo antes de ir a juicioto take somebody to court llevar a alguien a juicio, llevar a alguien a los tribunalescourt card figuracourt case causa, juiciocourt jester bufón nombre masculinocourt martial consejo de guerracourt of inquiry comisión nombre femenino de investigacióncourt order orden nombre femenino judicialcourt shoe zapato salónhigh court tribunal nombre masculino supremocourt ['kort] vtwoo: cortejar, galantearcourt n1) palace: palacio m2) retinue: corte f, séquito m3) courtyard: patio m4) : cancha f (de tenis, baloncesto, etc.)5) tribunal: corte f, tribunal mthe Supreme Court: la Corte Supreman.• atrio s.m.• consejo s.m.• corte s.m.• juzgado (Jurisprudencia) s.m.• patio s.m.• tribunal (Jurisprudencia) s.m.v.• amartelar v.• arrullar v.• cortejar v.• enamorar v.• festejar v.• galantear v.• obsequiar v.• solicitar v.kɔːrt, kɔːt
I
1) ( Law)a) ( tribunal) tribunal mto appear in court — comparecer* ante el tribunal or los tribunales
to settle out of court — transigir* extrajudicialmente, llegar* a una transacción extrajudicial
to take somebody to court — demandar a alguien, llevar a alguien a juicio
to laugh somebody/something out of court — reírse* de alguien/algo; (before n)
court case — causa f, juicio m
court order — orden f judicial
b) ( building) juzgado m2)a) ( of sovereign) corte fb) ( palace) palacio m3) ( Sport) cancha f (AmL), pista f (Esp)4) ( courtyard) patio m
II
1.
a) \<\<girl\>\> (dated) cortejar (ant), hacerle* la corte a (ant)b) ( seek) \<\<danger/favor\>\> buscar*; \<\<disaster\>\> exponerse* a
2.
vi \<\<couple\>\> (dated) estar* de novios, noviar (AmL fam), pololear (Chi fam)[kɔːt]1. N1) (Jur) tribunal m, juzgado m, corte f (esp LAm); (=officers and/or public) tribunal mcrown 3., high 4., magistrate, out-of-court, supremeto take sb to court (over sth) — llevar a algn a los tribunales or ante el tribunal (por algo)
2) (Tennis) pista f, cancha fhard/grass court — pista f or cancha f dura/de hierba
to hold court — (fig) dar audiencia, recibir en audiencia
4) (Archit) patio m5)to pay court to — † hacer la corte a
2. VT1) [+ woman] pretender or cortejar a2) (fig) (=seek) [+ favour] intentar conseguir; [+ death, disaster] buscar, exponerse a3.VI † ser noviosare you courting? — ¿tienes novio?
4.CPDcourt action N —
she was threatened with court action — la amenazaron con llevarla a juicio, la amenazaron con presentar una demanda judicial contra ella
court appearance N — comparecencia f ante el tribunal
court card N — (esp Brit) figura f
court case N — proceso m
court circular N — noticiario m de la corte
court hearing N — vista f oral
court martial N — = court-martial
court of appeal N — tribunal m de apelación
court of inquiry N — comisión f de investigación
court of justice, court of law N — tribunal m de justicia
Court of Session N — (Scot) Tribunal m Supremo de Escocia
court order N — mandato m judicial
court ruling N — decisión f judicial
court shoe N — (Brit) escarpín m
* * *[kɔːrt, kɔːt]
I
1) ( Law)a) ( tribunal) tribunal mto appear in court — comparecer* ante el tribunal or los tribunales
to settle out of court — transigir* extrajudicialmente, llegar* a una transacción extrajudicial
to take somebody to court — demandar a alguien, llevar a alguien a juicio
to laugh somebody/something out of court — reírse* de alguien/algo; (before n)
court case — causa f, juicio m
court order — orden f judicial
b) ( building) juzgado m2)a) ( of sovereign) corte fb) ( palace) palacio m3) ( Sport) cancha f (AmL), pista f (Esp)4) ( courtyard) patio m
II
1.
a) \<\<girl\>\> (dated) cortejar (ant), hacerle* la corte a (ant)b) ( seek) \<\<danger/favor\>\> buscar*; \<\<disaster\>\> exponerse* a
2.
vi \<\<couple\>\> (dated) estar* de novios, noviar (AmL fam), pololear (Chi fam) -
14 plea
аргумент; заклик; прохання, скарга; твердження ( у суді), заява ( сторони у суді); виправдання; визнання ( вини тощо); відповідь відповідача (підсудного) ( суду); заява, зроблена відповідачем (захистом); заява, зроблена від імені відповідача (захисту); заявлення суду підстав захисту ( проти позову тощо); передача справи до суду; позов, позов по суду; судова справа; судовий процес- plea agreement acceptanceplea to further maintenance of action — клопотання відповідача про припинення справи з огляду на обставини, що знову відкрилися (стали відомими)
- plea bargain
- plea-bargained-away charge
- plea-bargained charge
- plea bargaining
- plea-bargaining decision
- plea for a review of case
- plea for leniency
- plea for mercy
- plea in abatement
- plea in bar
- plea in discharge
- plea in mitigation
- plea in reconvention
- plea in suspension
- plea is guilty
- plea is not guilty
- plea of alibi
- plea of another action pending
- plea of bar to trial
- plea of discharge
- plea of double jeopardy
- plea of former jeopardy
- plea of general issue
- plea of guilt
- plea of guilty
- plea of guilty but insane
- plea of guilty case
- plea of guilty without trial
- plea of implied powers
- plea of insanity
- plea of justification
- plea of lis alibi pendence
- plea of mercy
- plea of necessity
- plea of never indebted
- plea of nolo contendere
- plea of non-guilty
- plea of not guilty
- plea of payment
- plea of privilege
- plea of res judicata
- plea of self-defence
- plea of self-defense
- plea of superior order
- plea of superior orders
- plea of tender
- plea of the Crown
- plea regarding the facts
- plea rolls
- plea side
- plea to delay action
- plea to the jurisdiction
- plea to the merits
- pleas in bar -
15 court
1. noun1) (yard) Hof, der3) (of sovereign) Hof, derhold court — (fig.) hofhalten (scherzh.)
4) (Law) Gericht, dascourt of law or justice — Gerichtshof, der
2. transitive verbtake somebody to court — jemanden vor Gericht bringen od. verklagen
1) (woo)courting couple — Liebespärchen, das
2) (fig.) suchen [Gunst, Ruhm, Gefahr]he is courting disaster/danger — er wandelt am Rande des Abgrunds (fig. geh.)
* * *[ko:t] 1. noun1) (a place where legal cases are heard: a magistrates' court; the High Court.) das Gericht2) (the judges and officials of a legal court: The accused is to appear before the court on Friday.) das Gericht3) (a marked-out space for certain games: a tennis-court; a squash court.) der Platz4) (the officials, councillors etc of a king or queen: the court of King James.) der Hof5) (the palace of a king or queen: Hampton Court.) die Residenz6) (an open space surrounded by houses or by the parts of one house.) der Innenhof2. verb1) (to try to win the love of; to woo.) den Hof machen2) (to try to gain (admiration etc).) werben3) (to seem to be deliberately risking (disaster etc).) heraufbeschwören•- academic.ru/16775/courtier">courtier- courtly
- courtliness
- courtship
- courthouse
- court-martial
- courtyard* * *[kɔ:t, AM kɔ:rt]I. n\court adjourned! die Verhandlung wird vertagt!C\court of Appeal Berufungsgericht nt\court of first instance Gericht nt erster InstanzHigh C\court [of Justice] BRIT Oberstes ZivilgerichtInternational C\court of Justice Internationaler GerichtshofSupreme C\court [of Judicature] BRIT Oberster Gerichtshof für England und WalesSupreme C\court [of the United States] AM oberstes US BundesgerichtC\court of Session SCOT Oberstes Gericht in Zivilsachencivil \court Zivilgericht ntcriminal \court Strafgericht nt\court of first instance Gericht nt erster Instanzlaw \court [or \court of law] Gericht nt, Gerichtshof min a \court of law vor Gerichtin open \court in öffentlicher Verhandlungmagistrates' \court erstinstanzliches Gericht für Strafsachen niederer Ordnungby order of the \court durch Gerichtsbeschlussto go to \court vor Gericht gehento reach an out-of-\court settlement zu einem außergerichtlichen Vergleich kommento settle [a case] out of \court eine Sache außergerichtlich beilegento take sb to \court jdn vor Gericht bringen, gegen jdn gerichtlich vorgehensilence in \court! Ruhe im Gerichtssaal!to appear in \court vor Gericht erscheinenbadminton/squash \court Badminton-/Squashcourt mgrass/hard \court Rasen-/Hartplatz mtennis \court Tenniscourt m, Tennisplatz m▪ at \court bei Hofto be presented at \court bei Hofe vorgestellt werden▪ in the \court auf dem Hof6. (as street, building name)Meadow C\court Meadow Court7.▶ to put the ball in sb's \court jdm den Ball zuwerfenII. vt2. (ingratiate oneself)he tried to \court her approval for his plans er versuchte, sie für seine Pläne zu gewinnento \court popularity/sb's favour Ruhm/jds Gunst suchen▪ to \court sth etw herausfordernto \court danger mit der Gefahr spielento \court controversy/disaster Streit/eine Gefahr heraufbeschwören* * *[kɔːt]1. nCourt of Auditors (in EU) — Rechnungshof m
to go to court over a matter — eine Sache vor Gericht bringen, mit einer Sache vor Gericht gehen
Sir James is still in court — Sir James ist noch beim Gericht
to give sb his/her day in court (inf) — jdm die Möglichkeit geben, sich zur Sache zu äußern
See:→ settle2) (royal) Hof mto hold court in... (film star etc) — Hof halten in...
3) (SPORT) Platz m; (for squash) Halle f; (= marked-off area) Spielfeld nt; (= service court etc) Feld ntgrass/hard court — Rasen-/Hartplatz m
inner court — Innenhof m
to pay court to a woman — einer Frau (dat) den Hof machen
2. vt3. vi (dated)she's courting —
are you courting? — hast du jemanden?
* * *court [kɔː(r)t]A s1. (Innen-, Vor)Hof m:in the court auf dem Hof2. besonders Br stattliches Wohngebäude3. a) kurze Straße oder Sackgasseb) kleiner Platz4. SPORTa) (Tennis- etc) Platz mb) (Spiel)Feld n: → ball1 Bes Redew5. (fürstlicher etc) Hof:be presented at court bei Hofe vorgestellt oder eingeführt werden;have a friend at court fig einen einflussreichen Fürsprecher haben6. a) fürstlicher Hof oder Haushaltb) fürstliche Familiec) Hofstaat m:hold court Hof halten;keep court herrschen7. königliche oder fürstliche Regierung8. (Empfang m bei) Hof m9. fig Hof m, Aufwartung f:pay (one’s) court to sba) jemandem (besonders einer Dame) den Hof machen,b) jemandem seine Aufwartung machen10. JUR Gericht n:a) Gerichtshof mc) Gerichtssaal m:court of law, court of justice Gerichtshof;Court of Auditors Europäischer Rechnungshof;court of hono(u)r Ehrengericht;appear in court vor Gericht erscheinen;the court will not sit tomorrow morgen findet keine Gerichtssitzung statt;bring into court vor Gericht bringen, verklagen;go to court vor Gericht gehen, klagen;take a case to court einen Fall vor Gericht bringen;in and out of court gerichtlich und außergerichtlich;out of court figa) nicht zur Sache gehörig,b) indiskutabel;be laughed out of court verlacht werden;put o.s. out of court sich disqualifizieren;settle a matter out of court eine Sache außergerichtlich oder auf gütlichem Wege beilegen;settle out of court sich außergerichtlich einigen; → appeal C 1, arbitration 2, assize 4 a, equity 3 a, etc12. PARL (gesetzgebende) Versammlung13. Rat m, Versammlung f, Kuratorium n:court of assistance Kirchenrat (einer Pfarrei);14. Ortsgruppe f, auch (Freimaurer) Loge fB v/t3. fig sich bemühen um, suchen:court death mit seinem Leben spielen;court disaster das Schicksal herausfordern, mit dem Feuer spielen;court sleep Schlaf suchenC v/i1. miteinander gehen:go courting auf Freiersfüßen gehen;courting couple Liebespaar n2. ORN balzenct. abk3. certificate4. county5. court* * *1. noun1) (yard) Hof, der3) (of sovereign) Hof, derhold court — (fig.) hofhalten (scherzh.)
4) (Law) Gericht, dascourt of law or justice — Gerichtshof, der
2. transitive verbtake somebody to court — jemanden vor Gericht bringen od. verklagen
1) (woo)courting couple — Liebespärchen, das
2) (fig.) suchen [Gunst, Ruhm, Gefahr]he is courting disaster/danger — er wandelt am Rande des Abgrunds (fig. geh.)
* * *(law) n.Gericht -e n.Gerichtshof m. n.Spielplatz m. v.buhlen (um) v.den Hof machen ausdr.umwerben v. -
16 law
1) право ( в объективном смысле)2) закон3) общее право5) юстиция; юристы•according to law — в соответствии с правом, с законом; правомерно | соответствующий праву, закону; правомерный, законный;
law and order — правопорядок;
law and usage of Parliament — парламентский обычай;
law as amended — закон в изменённой редакции;
law as fact — право как факт, право как сущее;
law as norm — право как норма, право как должное;
at law — в соответствии с правом, в силу права, в области права; в рамках общего права;
law Christian — церковное право;
contrary to law — в противоречии с правом; в противоречии с законом | противоречащий праву; противоречащий закону;
law due to expire — закон с истекающим сроком действия;
law for the time being — закон, действующий в настоящее время;
law in force — 1. действующее право 2. действующий закон;
in law — по закону;
contemplation in law — 1. юридически значимые намерения, цель 2. точка зрения закона;
law in vigour — действующий закон;
law martial — военное положение;
law merchant — торговое право; обычное торговое право;
law spiritual — церковное право;
to be in trouble with the law — вступить в конфликт с законом;
to carry law into effect — ввести закон в действие;
to clarify the law — разъяснить смысл правовой нормы, закона;
to consult the law — обратиться за разъяснением к закону; обратиться за консультацией к юристу, к адвокату;
to continue existing law — продлевать действие существующей правовой нормы, закона;
to create new law — создавать новую правовую норму; принимать (новый) закон;
to elaborate the law — разрабатывать закон;
to emerge as law — обретать силу закона;
to get into difficulty with the law — вступить в конфликт с законом;
to go to law — обратиться к правосудию;
to keep law current — модернизировать право, закон;
to make laws — законодательствовать;
to practice law — заниматься юридической [адвокатской] практикой;
to provide for by law — предусмотреть законом, узаконить;
to restate the law — переформулировать, перередактировать правовую норму, закон;
to stand to the law — предстать перед судом;
to strain the law — допустить натяжку в истолковании закона;
to teach law — преподавать право;
law unacted upon — закон, который не соблюдается;
within the law — в рамках закона, в пределах закона
- law of armslaw of international organizations — право, регулирующее деятельность международных организаций
- law of civil procedure
- law of conflict of laws
- law of conflict
- law of contract
- law of copyright
- law of corrections
- law of crimes
- law of crime
- law of criminal procedure
- law of domestical relations
- law of domestic relations
- law of employment
- law of equity
- law of evidence
- law of God
- law of honour
- law of industrial relations
- law of international trade
- law of landlord and tenant
- law of marriage
- law of master and servant
- law of merchants
- law of merchant shipping
- law of nations
- law of nature
- law of neighbouring tenements
- law of obligation
- law of outer space
- law of peace
- law of personal property
- law of persons
- law of power
- law of practice
- law of prize
- law of procedure
- law of property
- law of quasi-contract
- law of real property
- law of shipping
- law of substance
- law of succession
- law of taxation
- law of the air
- law of the case
- law of the church
- law of the Constitution
- law of the court
- law of the flag
- law of the land
- law of the sea
- law of the situs
- law of the staple
- law of torts
- law of treaties
- law of trusts
- law of war
- abnormal law
- absolute law
- actual law
- adjective law
- adjective patent law
- administrative law
- admiralty law
- admitted law
- agrarian law
- air carriage law
- ambassadorial law
- American Indian law
- American international law
- Antarctic law
- anti-corrupt practices laws
- antipollution laws
- anti-trust laws
- antiunion laws
- applicable law
- applied law
- bad law
- banking law
- basic law
- binding law
- blue law
- blue sky laws
- Brehon laws
- broken law
- business law
- canon law
- case law
- census disclosure law
- church law
- cited law
- civil law
- club law
- commercial law
- commitment law
- common law
- company law
- comparative law
- compiled laws
- congressional law
- conservation laws
- consolidated laws
- conspiracy law
- constitutional law
- consuetudinary law
- consular law
- continental law
- contract law
- conventional law
- conventional international law
- copyright law
- corporate law
- criminal law
- crown law
- current law
- customary law
- customary international law
- customs law
- decisional law
- diplomatic law
- discriminating law
- discriminatory law
- domestic law
- domiciliary law
- dormant law
- draft law
- dry law
- ecclesiastical law
- economic law
- educational law
- effective law
- efficacious law
- election law
- emergency laws
- employment law
- enacted law
- enforceable law
- enrolled law
- environmental law
- equity law
- established law
- exchange law
- exclusion laws
- executive law
- executively inspired law
- existing law
- ex post facto law
- extradition laws
- extradition law
- factory laws
- factory law
- fair employment practices law
- fair trade laws
- family law
- fecial law
- federal law
- feudal law
- finance law
- fiscal law
- foreign law
- formal law
- free law
- French Canadian law
- fundamental law
- game laws
- general law
- generally applicable law
- gibbet law
- good law
- group law
- Halifax law
- harsh law
- health laws
- highway laws
- highway traffic law
- homestead laws
- housing law
- hovering laws
- humanitarian law
- immutable law
- industrial law
- industrial property case law
- inheritance law
- inner comparative law
- insurance law
- interlocal criminal law
- internal law
- internal-revenue law
- international law
- international law of the sea
- international administrative law
- international conventional law
- international criminal law
- international fluvial law
- international public law
- interpersonal law
- interstate law
- intertemporal law
- intestate laws
- introduced law
- Jim Crow laws
- judaic law
- judge-made law
- judicial law
- judiciary law
- labour relations law
- labour law
- land law
- legislation law
- licensing law
- living law
- Lynch law
- magisterial law
- maritime law
- market law
- marriage law
- martial law
- matrimonial law
- mercantile law
- military law
- mining law
- mob law
- model law
- modern law
- Mohammedan law
- moral law
- municipal law
- national law
- nationality law
- natural law
- naval law
- naval prize law
- neutrality laws
- new law
- no-fault law
- nondiscriminating law
- nondiscriminatory law
- non-enacted law
- nuclear law
- obscenity law
- obsolete law
- occupational safety laws
- official law
- official session law volume
- old law
- organic law
- original law
- ostensible law
- outmoded law
- pamphlet laws
- parliamentary law
- pass law
- passed law
- patent law
- penal law
- permissive law
- personal law
- personal law of origin
- police law
- political law
- poor laws
- positive law
- present law
- prevailing law
- preventive martial law
- prima facie law
- primary law
- prior law
- prison laws
- privacy law
- private law
- private international law
- privilege law
- prize law
- procedural law
- procedural criminal law
- promulgated law
- proper law of the contract
- property law
- proposed law
- provincial law
- public law
- public contract law
- punitive law
- quarantine laws
- real property law
- real law
- regional international law
- relevant law
- remedial law
- retroactive law
- retrospective law
- revenue laws
- road laws
- road transport law
- Roman Civil law
- Roman law
- safety laws
- sea law
- secular law
- session law
- settled law
- slip law
- social security law
- social law
- sound law
- space law
- special law
- speed law
- standing law
- state law
- state-use law
- state-wide law
- statute law
- stringent law
- subsidiary law
- succession law
- sumptuary laws
- Sunday closing laws
- superior law
- supreme law of the land
- tacit law
- tariff law
- tax law
- territorial law
- trade laws
- traditional law
- traffic laws
- transnational law
- treaty law
- unalterable law
- unenforceable law
- unified laws
- uniform law
- ununified laws
- unwritten law
- unwritten constitutional law
- vagrancy laws
- wage and hour laws
- war law
- welfare laws
- wildlife law
- working law
- written law
- written constitutional law
- zoning law
- electoral law
- financial law
- indefeasible law
- merchant law
- statutory law -
17 cover
1. n крышка; обёртка; покрывало; чехол; футляр, колпак2. n конверт; обёртка; упаковкаunder plain cover — в конверте без фирменного штампа, в простом конверте
3. n переплёт; обложка4. n убежище, укрытие; прикрытие, «крыша»5. n спорт. прикрытие, защита6. n покров7. n поэт. покрывало, покров8. n лесной покров, полог леса9. n бот. покров семяпочки или семени10. n охот. нора, логовище11. n личина, маска12. n прибор, куверт13. n ком. гарантийный фонд14. n страхование15. n авт. покрышкаdouble-seamed cover — крышка, закатанная двойным швом
16. n театр. замена; заменяющий актёр или -ая актриса; исполнитель из второго составаno book or no cover missing detector — щуп для обнаружения неподачи книжного блока, переплётной крышки или обложки
17. v покрывать, закрывать, накрывать18. v редк. покрывать; укрывать19. v прикрывать, ограждать, защищать20. v спорт. держать, закрывать21. v прятать, скрывать22. v покрывать; находить оправдания23. v книжн. покрыть, увенчать; запятнатьcover over — закрыть, покрыть
cover a loss — покрыть убытки; взять на себя потерю
24. v покрывать, обдавать25. v обивать; оклеивать26. v покрывать; распространяться; расстилатьсяsnow covered the ground — земля была покрыта снегом, на земле лежал снег
27. v покрывать, охватывать; относиться28. v разг. заменять, подменятьplease cover for me at the counter for a few minutes — пожалуйста, подмени меня у прилавка на несколько минут
29. v держать под наблюдениемa small party stole up on the bridge under the cover of darkness — под покровом тьмы маленький отряд подкрался к мосту
30. v пройти, проехать31. v спорт. пробежать дистанцию32. v освещать в печати33. v предусматривать34. v ком. обеспечить покрытие; покрывать35. v страховать36. v карт. покрывать, крытьcover cloth — кроющий материал, переплётная ткань
37. v принять пари; поставить38. v с. -х. случать, крыть39. v сидеть40. v воен. держать под обстрелом41. v держать под прицеломСинонимический ряд:1. bedspread (noun) bedspread; blanket; comforter; counterpane2. blind (noun) blind; front; smoke screen3. cap (noun) cap; lid; top4. clothes (noun) bonnet; capote; cloak; clothes; cosy; cowl; mantle; muffler; pall5. covering (noun) attic; ceiling; covering; hatch; house top; integument; roofing; umbrella6. furnishings (noun) awning; canopy; carpet; carpeting; curtain; drape; furnishings; rug; runner; scatter rug; throw rug7. mask (noun) camouflage; color; coloring; colour; colouring; conceal; disguise; disguisement; facade; face; false front; gloss; guise; mask; masquerade; pretension; pretext; put-on; screen; semblance; show; spread; veil; veneer; window dressing; window-dressing8. protection (noun) asylum; concealment; defense; guard; harbor; harborage; harbour; haven; port; pretence; pretense; protection; refuge; retreat; sanctuary9. shelter (noun) bower; copse; covert; growth; shelter; shrubbery; thicket; underbrush; woods10. wrapper (noun) capsule; case; casing; encasement; envelope; jacket; pod; sheath; wrapper; wrapping11. blanket (verb) blanket; crown; enwrap; overcast; overlay; spread over12. clothe (verb) cap; clothe; envelop; overspread; overwhelm; wrap13. coat (verb) case; coat; face; incrust; layer; paper; spread; stain; varnish; veneer14. conceal (verb) camouflage; cloak; conceal; disguise; enshroud; hood; mask; shroud; veil15. defend (verb) bulwark; defend; fend; guard; house; protect; safeguard; screen; secure; shade; shelter; shield16. deluge (verb) deluge; drench; engulf; inundate; overcome; pour; rain; shower17. hide (verb) bury; cache; ensconce; hide; occult; plant; secrete; stash18. include (verb) comprehend; comprise; contain; embody; embrace; encompass; include; incorporate19. make (verb) make; pass; traverse20. pay for (verb) compensate for; counterbalance; defray; offset; pay for; suffice21. set (verb) brood; set; sit22. travel (verb) cross; do; journey; journey over; pass over; track; travelАнтонимический ряд:exclude; expose; exposure; inside; reveal; unwrap -
18 plea
pli: сущ.
1) юр.;
тж. ист. и шотл. судебный акт, процесс, тяжба( особ. law-plea) to hold pleas ≈ отправлять судебные дела common pleas а) ист. общие дела (т.е. дела, не вызывавшие интереса у Королевского Двора) ;
б) гражданские дела Pleas of the Crown а) ист. судебные дела государственной важности;
б) уголовные дела
2) юр. заявление, сделанное в суде одной из сторон а) (иск по суду;
жалоба) to enter, make, put forward a plea ≈ просить о чем-л., подавать прошение о чем-л. б) (официальный ответ подсудимого или ответчика) plea of guilty ≈ признание себя виновным to enter a guilty plea ≈ каяться, раскаиваться to enter a plea of not guilty ≈ оправдываться, убеждать в невиновности plea bargaining ≈ амер.;
юр. соглашение о принятии вины обвиняемым в) (возражение, апелляция) г) (заявление оснований иска или защиты против иска) ∙ cop a plea plea-house
3) повод, предлог, оправдание on, at, with the plea of (a headache etc.) ≈ под предлогом (головной боли и т. п.) Syn: argument, reason, apology, pretext, excuse
1.
4) просьба;
призыв, обращение;
требование;
предложение help plea ≈ просьба о помощи advance a plea ≈ выдвигать требование или предложение a plea for mercy ≈ прошение о снисхождении, помиловании to answer, respond to a plea ≈ внимать просьбе to deny, reject a plea ≈ не внимать просьбе ardent, fervent, impassioned, moving, passionate plea ≈ горячая, пылкая, страстная просьба urgent plea ≈ настойчивая просьба Syn: entreaty, supplication Syn: appeal
1., argument, claim
1.
5) шотл. ссора, вражда;
спор, выяснение отношений Syn: controversy, debate
1., contention, quarrel
1., strife (юридическое) заявление, сделанное в суде одной из сторон или от ее имени( юридическое) официальное заявление, ответ подсудимого или ответчика суду - defendant's * защита подсудимого, выступление( в суде) для защиты интересов ответчика - * of guilty признание себя виновным (юридическое) возражение - * to the jurisdiction возражение против юрисдикции суда - to put in a * представлять суду возражение против иска (юридическое) жалоба, прошение;
иск по суду (юридическое) заявление (суду) оснований иска или защиты против иска (юридическое) (историческое) судебное дело, процесс - *s of the Crown уголовные процессы( юридическое) передача дела в суд оправдание, предлог;
довод;
ссылка( на какую-л. причину) - on the * of под предлогом обращение, призыв;
просьба;
мольба - * for mercy ходатайство о помиловании - * for aid мольба о помощи > to cop a * (сленг) признать себя виновным в совершении менее тяжкого преступления при условии, что суд не будет рассматривать обвинение в более тяжком преступлении common ~ гражданский иск defence ~ просьба о защите dilatory ~ отлагательное возражение dilatory ~ просьба об отсрочке on ~ that на основании заявления о том, что ~ оправдание, ссылка, предлог;
довод;
a plea was advanced было выдвинуто предложение;
on the plea of под предлогом ~ призыв;
peace plea призыв к миру plea аргумент ~ юр. жалоба, прошение;
иск по суду ~ заявление, сделанное ответчиком или защитой или от имени ответчика или защиты ~ заявление, сделанное ответчиком ~ заявление, сделанное от имени ответчика ~ заявление, сделанное от имени защиты ~ заявление, сделанное защитой ~ заявление оснований защиты против иска ~ заявление оснований иска ~ заявление оснований иска или защиты против иска ~ извинение, оправдание ~ извинение ~ иск по суду ~ мольба;
просьба ~ оправдание, ссылка, предлог;
довод;
a plea was advanced было выдвинуто предложение;
on the plea of под предлогом ~ оправдание ~ призыв;
peace plea призыв к миру ~ in suspension возражение, направленное на приостановление судопроизводства ~ of bar to trial возражение против права предъявлять иск ~ of discharge заявление об освобождении от ответственности ~ of guilty case дело, в котором подсудимый признал себя виновным на предварительном разбирательстве ~ of not guilty заявление о невиновности ~ of usury возражение против ростовщищеских процентов ~ оправдание, ссылка, предлог;
довод;
a plea was advanced было выдвинуто предложение;
on the plea of под предлогом present a ~ предъявлять иск -
19 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
20 pass
1. verb1) (to move towards and then beyond (something, by going past, through, by, over etc): I pass the shops on my way to work; The procession passed along the corridor.) pasar(por), dejar atrás2) (to move, give etc from one person, state etc to another: They passed the photographs around; The tradition is passed (on/down) from father to son.) pasar, transmitir, traspasar, ceder3) (to go or be beyond: This passes my understanding.) superar4) ((of vehicles etc on a road) to overtake: The sports car passed me at a dangerous bend in the road.) adelantar5) (to spend (time): They passed several weeks in the country.) pasar; transcurrir (el tiempo)6) ((of an official group, government etc) to accept or approve: The government has passed a resolution.) aprobar7) (to give or announce (a judgement or sentence): The magistrate passed judgement on the prisoner.) (judgement)juzgar; (sentence)dictar sentencia8) (to end or go away: His sickness soon passed.) pasar, desaparecer, terminar9) (to (judge to) be successful in (an examination etc): I passed my driving test.) aprobar
2. noun1) (a narrow path between mountains: a mountain pass.) desfiladero; paso, puerto2) (a ticket or card allowing a person to do something, eg to travel free or to get in to a building: You must show your pass before entering.) permiso, pase3) (a successful result in an examination, especially when below a distinction, honours etc: There were ten passes and no fails.) aprobado4) ((in ball games) a throw, kick, hit etc of the ball from one player to another: The centre-forward made a pass towards the goal.) pase•- passable- passing
- passer-by
- password
- in passing
- let something pass
- let pass
- pass as/for
- pass away
- pass the buck
- pass by
- pass off
- pass something or someone off as
- pass off as
- pass on
- pass out
- pass over
- pass up
pass1 n1. aprobado2. paso3. pasepass2 vb1. pasarshe passed the door, but she didn't go in pasó por delante de la puerta, pero no entrócould you pass the bread, please? ¿podrías pasarme el pan, por favor?2. aprobardid you pass the exam, or did you fail? ¿aprobaste el examen, o suspendiste?tr[pɑːs]2 (official permit) pase nombre masculino, permiso3 (in exam) aprobado4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL pase nombre masculino1 (go past - gen) pasar; (person) cruzarse con■ do you pass the library on your way to work? ¿pasas por la biblioteca de camino al trabajo?2 (overtake) adelantar3 (cross - border, frontier) pasar, cruzar4 (give, hand) pasar5 (move) pasar6 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (ball) pasar8 (time) pasar9 (say, utter - opinion) expresar, dar; (- remark, comment) hacer2 (overtake) adelantar3 (move, go) pasar4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL pasar la pelota, pasar el balón, hacer un pase5 (be transferred to) pasar (to, a)7 (of time) pasar, transcurrir8 (come to an end - pain, feeling) pasarse; (storm) pasar9 (exam, test) aprobar; (bill, motion) ser aprobado,-a10 (be acceptable) pasar; (be tolerated) consentir11 (happen) ocurrir, acontecer, suceder■ it came to pass that... sucedió que...\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto make a pass at somebody intentar ligar con alguiento pass judgment on juzgarto pass sentence dictar sentencia, fallarto pass the time of day (with somebody) pasar el rato con alguiento pass water orinarto pass wind expulsar ventosidadespress pass pase nombre masculino de prensabus pass abono de autobúspass ['pæs] vi1) : pasar, cruzarsea car passed by: pasó un cochewe passed in the hallway: nos cruzamos en el pasillo2) cease: pasarsethe pain passed: se pasó el dolor3) elapse: pasar, transcurrir4) proceed: pasarlet me pass: déjame pasar5) happen: pasar, ocurrir6) : pasar, aprobar (en un examen)7) rule: fallarthe jury passed on the case: el jurado falló en el casothe throne passed to his son: el trono pasó a su hijo9)to let pass overlook: pasar por altoto pass as : pasar porpass vt1) : pasar porthey passed the house: pasaron por la casa2) overtake: pasar, adelantar3) spend: pasar (tiempo)4) hand: pasarpass me the salt: pásame la sal5) : aprobar (un examen, una ley)pass n1) crossing, gap: paso m, desfiladero m, puerto mmountain pass: puerto de montaña2) permit: pase m, permiso m3) : pase m (en deportes)4) situation: situación f (díficil)things have come to a pretty pass!: ¡hasta dónde hemos llegado!n.(§ pl.: passes) = billete gratuito s.m.• boleta s.f.• boletín s.m.• collado s.m.• cortadura s.f.• nota de aprobado s.f.• pase s.m.• paso s.m.• puerto s.m.• salvoconducto s.m.v.• andar v.(§pret: anduv-)• aprobar (Examen) v.• entrar v.• pasar v.• transcurrir v.pæs, pɑːs
I
1) (document, permit) pase m; ( ticket) abono mbus/rail pass — abono de autobúsen
3) (in test, examination) (BrE) aprobado m; (before n)4) ( Sport) pase m5) ( sexual advance)6) ( state of affairs) (no pl)
II
1.
2)a) (go by, past) \<\<shop/house\>\> pasar porb) ( overtake) pasar, adelantar, rebasar (Méx)3)a) (cross, go beyond) \<\<limit\>\> pasar; \<\<frontier\>\> pasar, cruzar*b) ( surpass) sobrepasar4) ( spend) \<\<time\>\> pasar5)a) (convey, hand over)to pass somebody something, to pass something TO somebody — pasarle algo a algn
pass (me) the sugar, please — ¿me pasas el azúcar, por favor?
b) ( Sport) \<\<ball\>\> pasar6) ( Med)7) ( utter) \<\<comment/remark\>\> hacer*to pass sentence — dictar sentencia, fallar
8)a) ( succeed in) \<\<exam/test\>\> aprobar*, salvar (Ur)b) ( approve) \<\<candidate/work\>\> aprobar*c) \<\<law/motion\>\> aprobar*
2.
1) pass vi2) (move, travel) pasarpass along the car, please — córranse or pasen adelante, por favor
her name passed into history/oblivion — su nombre pasó a la historia/fue relegado al olvido
3)a) (go, move past) pasarit was a stupid remark, but let it pass — fue un comentario estúpido pero dejémoslo correr or no hagamos caso
b) ( overtake) adelantarse, rebasar (Méx)no passing — (AmE) prohibido adelantar or (Méx) rebasar
4)a) ( elapse) \<\<time\>\> pasar, transcurrir (frml)b) ( disappear) \<\<feeling/pain\>\> pasarse5) ( be transferred) \<\<title/estate/crown\>\> pasar6) ( happen) (arch)to come to pass — acaecer* (liter), acontecer* (liter), suceder
7) ( decline chance to play) pasar; (as interj) paso!I'll pass on the dessert, thanks — no voy a tomar postre or (fam) voy a pasar del postre, gracias
8) ( Sport)to pass (TO somebody) — pasar(le) la pelota (or el balón etc) (a algn)
9) ( rule) (AmE)10)a) ( be acceptable) pasarit's not brilliant, but it'll pass — (colloq) una maravilla no es, pero pasa
b) ( in an exam) aprobar*, pasar•Phrasal Verbs:- pass by- pass for- pass off- pass on- pass out- pass up[pɑːs]1. Nboarding2) (Sport) pase m3) (in exam) aprobado m•
to get a pass (in sth) — aprobar (algo)5) (=situation)•
things have come to a pretty pass — ¡hasta dónde hemos llegado!•
things had reached such a pass that... — las cosas habían llegado a tal extremo que...6) (=sexual approach)7) (Geog) puerto m, paso m ; (small) desfiladero m2. VT1) (=go past) pasar; (=go in front of) pasar por delante de; (=cross paths with) cruzarse con; (Aut) (=overtake) adelantar, pasar, rebasar (Mex)he tried to pass me on the inside — (Aut) intentó adelantarme or pasarme por la derecha; (in UK) intentó adelantarme or pasarme por la izquierda
2) (=surpass) superartotal membership has passed the six million mark — el número total de miembros supera los seis millones
3) (=cross) [+ barrier, frontier, customs] cruzar•
not a word has passed my lips — de mí no ha salido una palabra, no he dicho ni una palabra•
the gas is then passed along a pipe — el gas luego se pasa por una tubería•
to pass sth down the line — pasar algo de mano en mano•
to pass a dish round the table — pasar un plato entre todos los que están a la mesa•
to pass sb sth, pass sth to sb — pasar algo a algnbuck 1., 3), parcel, word 1., 4)pass me the salt, please — ¿me pasas or alcanzas la sal, por favor?
5) (=move in given direction) pasar•
he passed his handkerchief over his face — se pasó el pañuelo por la cara6) (=spend) [+ time] pasar- pass the time of day with sb7) (=not fail) [+ exam, essay, candidate] aprobar; [+ inspection] pasarfit I, muster8) (Cine) [+ film] [censor] aprobarthe censors felt they could not pass the film — los censores sintieron que no podían aprobar la película
9) (=approve) [+ law, bill motion] aprobar10) (=express) [+ remark, comment] hacer•
it would be unfair to pass comment on his private life — no sería justo hacer comentarios sobre su vida privada•
to pass (an) opinion on sth — expresar una opinión acerca de algo•
to pass sentence — (Jur) fallar, dictar sentenciajudgmentto pass sentence on sb — sentenciar or condenar a algn
11) (Med) [+ blood] echarwater 1., 3)•
to pass a stool — realizar una deposición, defecar12) (criminally) [+ counterfeit money, stolen goods] pasar3. VI1) (=go past) pasar; (Aut) (=overtake) pasar, adelantar, rebasar (Mex)ship 1., 1)2) (=move, go) pasar•
to pass behind/ in front of sth/sb — pasar por detrás/por delante de algo/algn•
messages passed back and forth between them — se intercambiaban mensajes entre sí, se mandaban mensajes el uno al otro•
pass down the bus please! — ¡vayan hacia el fondo del autobús, por favor!•
to pass into oblivion — pasar al olvido•
control of the business passed out of my hands — la dirección de la empresa pasó a otras manos•
the bullet passed through her shoulder — la bala le atravesó el hombro•
words passed between them — intercambiaron algunas palabras (fuertes)3) (=be transferred) pasar4) (Sport) hacer un pase5) (=happen)•
all that passed between them — todo lo que hubo entre ellos•
it came to pass that... — liter aconteció que... liter6) (=go by) [time, deadline] pasaras the years passed — a medida que pasaban los años, con el paso de los años
•
how time passes! — ¡como pasa el tiempo!•
the months passed into years — los meses se convirtieron en años7) (=disappear) [storm, pain, danger] pasarit'll pass — eso pasará, eso se olvidará
8) (in exam) aprobar9) (=be approved) [bill, amendment] ser aprobado10) (=be accepted) pasar"will this do?" - "oh, it'll pass" — -¿esto servirá? -bueno, pasará
what passes in New York may not be good enough here — lo que es aceptable en Nueva York puede no serlo aquí
•
to pass for sth — pasar por algoor what passes nowadays for a hat — o lo que pasa por or se llama sombrero hoy día
•
let it pass — no hagas caso, pásalo por altounnoticedwe can't let that pass! — ¡eso no lo podemos consentir or pasar por alto!
11) (at cards, in quiz)(I) pass! — ¡paso!
I'm afraid I don't know, I'll have to pass on that one — me temo que no lo sé, no puedo contestar esa pregunta
4.CPDpass degree N — (Brit) título universitario inferior al "honours degree" (licenciatura)
- pass by- pass off- pass on- pass out- pass up* * *[pæs, pɑːs]
I
1) (document, permit) pase m; ( ticket) abono mbus/rail pass — abono de autobús/tren
3) (in test, examination) (BrE) aprobado m; (before n)4) ( Sport) pase m5) ( sexual advance)6) ( state of affairs) (no pl)
II
1.
2)a) (go by, past) \<\<shop/house\>\> pasar porb) ( overtake) pasar, adelantar, rebasar (Méx)3)a) (cross, go beyond) \<\<limit\>\> pasar; \<\<frontier\>\> pasar, cruzar*b) ( surpass) sobrepasar4) ( spend) \<\<time\>\> pasar5)a) (convey, hand over)to pass somebody something, to pass something TO somebody — pasarle algo a algn
pass (me) the sugar, please — ¿me pasas el azúcar, por favor?
b) ( Sport) \<\<ball\>\> pasar6) ( Med)7) ( utter) \<\<comment/remark\>\> hacer*to pass sentence — dictar sentencia, fallar
8)a) ( succeed in) \<\<exam/test\>\> aprobar*, salvar (Ur)b) ( approve) \<\<candidate/work\>\> aprobar*c) \<\<law/motion\>\> aprobar*
2.
1) pass vi2) (move, travel) pasarpass along the car, please — córranse or pasen adelante, por favor
her name passed into history/oblivion — su nombre pasó a la historia/fue relegado al olvido
3)a) (go, move past) pasarit was a stupid remark, but let it pass — fue un comentario estúpido pero dejémoslo correr or no hagamos caso
b) ( overtake) adelantarse, rebasar (Méx)no passing — (AmE) prohibido adelantar or (Méx) rebasar
4)a) ( elapse) \<\<time\>\> pasar, transcurrir (frml)b) ( disappear) \<\<feeling/pain\>\> pasarse5) ( be transferred) \<\<title/estate/crown\>\> pasar6) ( happen) (arch)to come to pass — acaecer* (liter), acontecer* (liter), suceder
7) ( decline chance to play) pasar; (as interj) paso!I'll pass on the dessert, thanks — no voy a tomar postre or (fam) voy a pasar del postre, gracias
8) ( Sport)to pass (TO somebody) — pasar(le) la pelota (or el balón etc) (a algn)
9) ( rule) (AmE)10)a) ( be acceptable) pasarit's not brilliant, but it'll pass — (colloq) una maravilla no es, pero pasa
b) ( in an exam) aprobar*, pasar•Phrasal Verbs:- pass by- pass for- pass off- pass on- pass out- pass up
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